Comparative study of three children literature books

Comparative study of three children literature books Introduction There are many literature methods that are used to enable the student understand the meaning of the story or what the author wants to convey. When writing children books, it is imperative that these literal devices as well as the language be carefully formulated so as to enable the children understand the message be conveyed and also for the reader to learn the lesson that the author wants to convey.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Comparative study of three children literature books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The plot of the story must be carefully organized such that it is coherent and the children understand the story. Various authors use different literal devices so as to convey the message to the child and also ensure that he enjoys reading the book as well as in deriving meaningful teaching from the stories (Zile Napoli 9). In this work, a comparative analysis of three books with the st ory of Thumbelina was carried out. The main aim was to compare and contrast the different aspects and literal devices that authors used to convey the message to the child. The story The three fairly tail books present the same story of Thumbelina. The plot starts with the magical birth of the girl. After she is born, she is happy and her mood is jovial till the day she is taken by the mother toad who wants her to marry her ugly son. The girl is kept floating on a lily leaf at the middle of the river and she can’t be able to escape. At this point, the books show that the girl in a sad mood as she doesn’t want to be married by the ugly frog. The girl is rescued from the trap by fish who chew the stem of the lily allowing her to escape. After escape however, she does not go to her original home, rather, she is swept by the river until she is captured by the bug. The bug saves the girls and then takes her to a leaf. However, the other beetles are not pleased with her and t hey consider her ugly. The beetle agrees with the perception of the others and lets the girl go. Thumbelina then lives in the glass where she eats nectar for survival. At this point the girl is happy but the cold season of winter affects her as she does not have food and shelter. She is again rescued by a rat who takes her to her home. She is to stay in the house until winter is over. During her stay, she is happy and helps the old mouse in cleaning the house. Her life seems happy but again she is thrown into confusion when the rich mole who stays underground wants to marry her. She again becomes confused as she does not want to marry the mole and stay underneath the ground in darkness.Advertising Looking for assessment on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thumbelina then rescues a sparrow at the verge of death. She nurses the sparrow until she recovers and flies away. Just before she gets marri ed to the mole, the sparrow she saved rescues her and she takes her to a good kingdom where there will be no winter. In the new kingdom, Thumbelina finds people who are exactly like her. The prince of that kingdom falls in love with her and she marries her. Then the girl becomes happy in her life. The plot of the story is an important aspect (Tara 7). All the three story leave the child with suspense and this makes him want to read ahead and find out what happened to the poor girl. The author swings the mood of the child from sadness to happiness and from certainty to uncertainty. The story begins with a sad mother who then gets happy after getting Thumbelina. This mood swings to uncertainty when the toad kidnaps the girls. The tone then changes to sadness when the toad frog proposes; this mood and tone swing ensures that the kid is interested to know what happened next. These changes ensure that the child get some suspense and wants to continue reading. There is also a systematic f low of events that ensures that the girl returns to her people. This does not happen just once but the girl passes through a lot of uncertainty so as to reach her people and to become the princess. Use of illustrations and pictures One of the main aspects in the three children books is the use of illustrations so as to convey the message to the children. In all the three books, we find that the use of pictures being predominant in all the pages. The use of pictures enables the child to visualize how the character in the story looked like. The pictures also enable the child to perceive a given scenario that is being narrated in the story. For example when Thumbelina is born from a flower, we see a big flower busting (Biro 177). Also when the frog carries Thumbelina, the picture portrays the same theme. Most of the illustrations are used when unveiling a new plot in the story. When the writers is indicating a new development in the story, he uses pictures to illustrate this event, for example, when the frog take Thumbelina for be the wife to her son, the illustrations shows this concept (Biro, 177 Tanner, 7 ). Pictures enable the child to create their own imaginations and also connect the character they see in the books with the event that’s taking place. This enables them to perceive the books as being real to them (Nikki 5).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Comparative study of three children literature books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The illustrations are also used to create a mood and the tone of the story. When Thumbelina is taken captive by the frog and the mole, we see her crying and the pictures also show the same effect. The use of pictures to create a given mood to the mind of the child reader is important as the child can closely follow the story and understand. The pictures in these stories are also used to provide entertainment to the child reader. In all the thre e books, we find attractive pictures about the unfolding story. These pictures are used to entertain the kids as they learn the story. There is need to capture the attention of the child by drawing pictures to represent the aspect be discussed. Through this entertainment, the child can study the whole books without be distracted or lacking concentration. Pictures are also used to enable the child recall what different pictures means. In Tanner, (4) book, the reader is first supposed to understand what different pictures mean and then apply them as he reads the story. Through these pictures, the children ability to recall the meaning of the pictures is tested. Use of large print Another method that is used is the large text and pictures. These enable the child to read with ease. Children are likely to get bored if they have to strain reading. This large text enable them read with ease and also understand the story without straining. In the three story books analyzed, we find that lar ge texts are used throughout the story. In additions to ease of learning, the use large text provides a lot of enjoyment to the kids when learning as they don’t have to struggle so as to read. The use of onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia writing entails the use of language to describe what is happening in the story. The story describes what the writer sees smells, touches and tastes. In this story we find the use of onomatopoeia writing be very common. For example when the frog’s son sees Thumbelina, all the frog could say was â€Å"croak, croak croak†( Biro 181). The book also says that the birds sang â€Å"tweet, tweet what a beautiful girl† (Biro 183). However, the use of descriptive language is not found in the other two fairy tale bookAdvertising Looking for assessment on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Use of descriptive writing Use of descriptive witting is also common in the story. In descriptive writing, the author describes a given event so that the reader can get a grasp of what is going on. In the three storybooks, the use of descriptive writing is found in most parts of the books. Most of the events are described in full and this enables the reader to understand what the story is all about. In the three fairly tales, there are a lot of instances where the descriptions are used. For example, Thumbelina living conditions and what she used to do before she was taken by the frog are described at length so as to bring the notion that she was happy and comfortable. There is a lot of descriptive writing is used to describe every place where Thumbelina goes to. For example, when he was rescued by the fish, the author describes how she floated and birds would sing for her. The winter is described as be very cold and Thumbelina was very hungry. Literary exaggerations One of the most used themes in the children books is extraordinary exaggeration. Most of the exaggerations appears not real to an adult but to a child, it is real. Literal exaggerations are found in all the three books under study. In Biro (p 189) book, the mole is depicted as having a big house underground â€Å"he is very rich and has a big house underground†. Another exaggeration is when the fish saw Thumbelina crying, they nibbled the stem of the lily plant so as to rescue her from the frog. In the story we find the fish recognizing that the Thumbelina was too beautiful to be married by the ugly toad and they nibbled the lily stem Pictures are also used to enable the child recall what different pictures mean. In Tanner (12) book the reader is first supposed to understand what different pictures mean and then apply them as he reads the story. Through these pictures, the children ability to recall the meaning of the pictures is tested. There is also very many instances when animals behave and act like human beings. Again these are aspects of enhance the learning process and bring about enjoyment when reading the book. The birds, the frogs, rat and mole are all able to talk with Thumbelina. The physical size of Thumbelina is also an exaggeration as it is not possible in the real life. The use of exaggerations in story a book is important as it increases the child ability to visualize the aspect that is be conveyed by the author. For example, the mole was rich because he had a big house. By relating this event to a big house, the students are able to perceive the amount of wealth that the mole has. Use of Metaphor and Similes A simile is used in literature to compare two different things. Similes use the words like and as so as to compare a certain character or event to another that is well understood. In the children books, it is imperative to use comparisons so that the child can understand a given aspect based on another aspect that is simple to compare. Similes in cludes words such as ‘as tall as a tree, as fat as a pig†. In the three books, It was found out that similes were used to enable the children understand a particular event. When Thumbelina was born, she is described as â€Å"she was beautiful but no bigger than the young wife’s thumb (Biro 189) and â€Å"the prince thought that she was the most beautiful girl he had ever seen† (Biro 198). The Dyer and stone (2009) book describe Thumbelina as â€Å"she was so tiny that she was only half as big as a thumb† the toad son is described as â€Å"He was as ulgy as his mother†( Dyer and stone 16). Smiles are also used in the Tanner, (3) to compare different aspects, for example Thumbelina is compared to the size of a thumb. The use of similes and metaphor adds value to the story as they help the child reader to connect the two aspects, one is the unknown complex situations and the other is the known less complex aspect (Larry 5). The use of metaphors and similes also enable the child to understand the story in a more precise manner as they can link a particular character to a particular event (Murray and Rosamund 5). In all the stories, a lot of personifications have been used to so as to create value and meaning to some aspects and characters. In the pictures, we see the mouse, the rat, toad and the beetle behaving like human beings. All the activities they do are closely related to the human activity. This creates values in the books as the child is able to relate the current story with a certain event that occurs at home. For example, the mole comes as dressed in human clothing, the rat is portrayed as living in a house and all the animals can be able to talk. Use of recall The use of recall to enable the reader to understand the story by using pictures to describe the characters in the story. Recall can also be tested by asking questions after the child have read the story. This aspect is found in Tanner, 1989 story about Th umbelina. The author first creates a list of pictures for all the characters in the story, then, throughout the story, these pictures are used instead of the name of the character. The importance of using pictures so that the kid can recall the names of the actor is beneficial as it keeps the child actively engaged during the study and also sharpens the child memory. The other two books don’t have this aspect. Use of simple and straight forward language Another aspect of all the three fairly tales analyzed is the use of simple language to communicate the message. The authors understand that the ability of the child to comprehend issues is low and as such, he has to use plain English to explain a particular issue. The use of simple language enable the students to understand the whole story and this important in the learning process of a child. In Tanner, (5) books, the use of pictures in the books instead of word has been done so as to ensure that the kids get an understanding of what the story is about and also recall the name of the characters (Dyer and stone 16) Repetitions Another tool that used in one of the tales is repetition. This is done so as to ensure that the child understand the meaning of the sentences and also links up the current story event with the previous event. For example â€Å"the leaf floated away down the stream and Thumbelina floated too† she floated away from the toad and away from the toad’s son, she floated downstream into the sunshine â€Å"(Dyer and stone 16) here it can be seen that the act of Thumbelina floating and escaping from the toad is repeated severally so that the child can understand and link the previous event and the current development in the story. Conclusions In conclusion, various literally concepts and methods are used in the preparations of children’s books. These literary concepts enhance the learning process and they enable the child understand the story, develop interests in readi ng through the story, get some pleasure and develop a liking for story books. Among the main methods used are; the use of illustrations, similes, metaphors, descriptive writing, repetitions, use of exaggerations, and the use of straight forward language. The use of illustrations enables the reader to understand the current event by linking the words with the pictures. When writing children stories, it is necessary to use similes and metaphor. The use of this technique enables the child to understand complex phenomena by comparing it with a simple event. Another dominant aspect is the use descriptive writing where the author describes a given area, person and event as much as he can. Exaggerations is also another dominant theme, exaggerations are out of the norm events and they are used widely in children stories as they help the child understand what is being described better. Repetition entails describing of a given event over and over again. This helps the children better understa nd the story and further, the students are able to connect the current happening with the previous event in the story. In culminations most of the aforementioned styles are used together so as to develop a clear and coherent story that will impact positively to the children learning process. Biro, Val. Thumbelina. Hans Christian Andersen fairy tales. Print Dyer Berence and Petula Stone. Thumbelina. Leicestershire : Ladybid books publishers.1982. Print Jay, Braiman. Literary devices. Web. Larry Constantine. â€Å"Use and Misuse of Metaphor†. Rowley, MA. Constantine Lockwood, Ltd. Print. Murray Knowles and Rosamund Moon. Introducing Metaphor. New York, Routeledge publishers. 2006. Print. Nikki, Gioyanni. Using literary devices to analyze literature. Tennessee: Claude Mckay. Print. Tanner Jane. The story of Thumbelina. London: Award publication ltd. 1989. Pint Tara McCarthy. Teaching Literary Elements: Easy Strategies and Activities to Help  Kids. London: Harper Collins publ ishers, 1997, Print. Zile, Susan Napoli Mary. Teaching Literary Elements with Picture Books: Engaging, Standards-Based Lessons and Strategies. London: Scholastic Teaching Resources. 2009, Print.

A Brief Timeline of Events in America - 1651 - 1675

A Brief Timeline of Events in America - 1651 - 1675 The American Revolution would not commence until 1765, when the Stamp Act Congress, representing the thirteen colonies, disputed the right of the British parliament to tax the colonists without providing them with representation in the House of Commons. The American Revolutionary War would not begin until 1775. During the period from 1651 to 1675, however, attempts by the British government to control commerce in the American colonies gradually created an atmosphere in which rebellion was almost inevitable. 1651 England passes the Navigation Act that forbid goods to be imported from the colonies to England in non-English ships or from locations other than where they were produced. This action causes supply shortages hurting colonies and eventually leads to the Anglo-Dutch War which lasts from 1652-1654. 1652 New Amsterdam is given permission to form its own city government.Rhode Island passes the first law in America which prohibits slavery.Maine is included within the boundaries of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.The Anglo-Dutch War begins in July.In defiance of England, Massachusetts Bay declares itself independent. 1653 Massachusetts Bay does not support the New England Confederation in declaring war against the Dutch colonists.   1654 The first Jewish immigrants arrive in America when they settle in New Amsterdam.The new governor of Maryland, William Fuller, does away with the Toleration Act which gave Catholics the right to practice their religion and removes Lord Baltimore from authority. 1655 A civil war between Catholic and Puritan factions after the revocation of the Toleration Act in 1654 results in a Puritan victory.The Dutch, after years of conflict with New Sweden, are able to defeat the Swedes and end royal rule by Sweden in America. 1656 Lord Baltimore is returned to power in Maryland and Josias Fendell is named its governor.Quakers who arrive in Massachusetts Bay are treated horribly and banished which is supported by the New England federation. Later in the year, Connecticut and Massachusetts pass laws to allow for the banishment of Quakers. 1657 Quakers who arrive in New Amsterdam are punished and then banished to Rhode Island by Governor Peter Stuyvesant. 1658 Massachusetts colony passes laws that do not allow for religious freedom of Quakers including the holding of their meetings. 1659 Two Quakers are punished by hanging when they return to Massachusetts Bay after being banished. 1660 Lord Baltimore is removed from power by the Maryland assembly.The Navigation Act of 1660 is passed requiring only English ships with a three-quarters English crew be allowed to be used for trade. Certain goods including sugar and tobacco could only be shipped to England or English colonies. 1661 The English crown, in protest to the rules against Quakers, orders them released and returned to England. They are later forced to stop the harsh penalties against Quakers.The first bible to be printed in America was published in the Algonquin language. 1662 Connecticut is given a royal charter.The Massachusetts Bay Colonys charter was accepted by England as long as they extended the vote to all landowners and allows for freedom of worship for Anglicans. 1663 The Carolina colony is created by King Charles II and has numerous proprietors.Rhode Island is given a royal charter.All imports to the American colonies are required to come from England on English vessels with the second Navigation Act. 1664 The Hudson River valley Indians surrender part of their territory to the Dutch.The Duke of York is given a charter to control lands that include the Dutch area of New Netherland. By the end of the year a naval blockade by the English of the area causes Governor Peter Stuyvesant to surrender New Netherland to the English. New Amsterdam is renamed New York.The Duke of York grants land called New Jersey to Sir George Carteret and John, Lord Berkeley.Maryland and later New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia pass laws that do not allow for the freeing of black slaves. 1665 New Haven is annexed by Connecticut.The Kings Commissioners arrive in New England to oversee what is occurring in the colonies. They demand that colonies must comply by swearing allegiance to the King and allowing for the freedom of religion. Plymouth, Connecticut, and Rhode Island comply. Massachusetts does not comply and when representatives are called to London to answer to the King, they refuse to go.The territory of Carolina is extended to include Florida.   1666 Maryland prohibits the growing of tobacco for a year due to a glut of tobacco on the market. 1667 The Peace of Breda officially ends the Anglo-Dutch War and gives England formal control over New Netherland. 1668 Massachusetts annexes Maine. 1669 The Fundamental Constitutions are issued in Carolina which provides for religious tolerance. 1670 Charles Town (present-day Charleston) is established by Joseph West.The Treaty of Madrid is completed between England and Spain. Both parties agree that they will respect each others rights in America.The Virginia Assembly only allows landowners the right to vote. 1671 Plymouth forces King Philip (Metacomet), chief of the Wampanoag Indians, to surrender his weapons.French explorers claim the interior of North America for King Louis XIV. 1672 First copyright law is passed in the colonies by Massachusetts.The Royal Africa Company is given a monopoly for the English slave trade. 1673 Virginia is granted by the English crown to Lord Arlington and Lord Culpepper.French explorers Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet travel down the Mississippi River exploring down to the Arkansas River.The Dutch launch a naval attack against Manhattan to try and win back New Netherland during the third Anglo-Dutch War. Manhattan is surrendered. They capture other towns and rename New York to New Orange. 1674 The Treaty of Westminster ends the third Anglo-Dutch War with the American Dutch colonies reverting back to England.Father Jacques Marquette establishes a mission at present-day Chicago. 1675 Quaker William Penn is granted rights to portions of New Jersey.King Philips War begins with retaliations for the execution of three Wampanoag Indians. Boston and Plymouth unite to fight against the Indians. Nipmuck Indians unite with the Wampanoags to attack settlements in Massachusetts. The New England Confederation then reacts by officially declaring war on King Philip and raising an army. The Wampanoags are able to defeat settlers near Deerfield on September 18th and Deerfield is abandoned. Source: Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M., ed. The Almanac of American History. Barnes Nobles Books: Greenwich, CT, 1993.

A Report on Social Marketing Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A Report on Social Marketing Campaign - Essay Example The spread of HIV and AIDS is mainly caused by social and health problems, therefore social marketing offers mechanisms for solving such problems through encouraging people to live healthier lifestyles. According to Kotler & Roberto (1989); Rogers (1995), the idea of diffusion and social marketing has been transformed to form strategies for use by the public throughout Asia, Africa, North America and south America. According to the United Nations, in the past two decades 60 million people have been infected by HIV/AIDS and reportedly 20 million deaths have been reported. Ninety-five percent of the infected population presently live in developing countries. The report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic, UNAIDS (2002) warned that unless prevention and treatment measures are put in place and followed diligently, over 68 million people would die in the next 20 years. Established cases of HIV/AIDS infection have increased in occurrence throughout different region and numerous countries repor t severe HIV epidemics amongst injecting drug users (IDUs). The countries with high frequency of HIV infections among IDUs are Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Nepal, Malaysia, Vietnam, China, India and Iran. Justification One of the major HIV/AIDS epidemic accelerants is the drug abuse and misuse. The major barrier in the fight against new HIV infections, recent drug use and emerging responses is the limited up-to date information on the magnitude of the problem. Reports across several countries on the number of HIV infection cases show drastic increase among IDUs. Countries in transition and especially developing countries are extremely susceptible to drug abuse and the risks associated therewith, piling serious burden on already frail health and social facilities. UNAIDS (2002) and WHO (2004) state that there was and still is the potential for a main outbreak of HIV among the IDUs particularly in Russia and bordering countries in the Eastern Europe and in other numerous countries es pecially across Asia. In some countries with high HIV frequency among the IDUs, HIV prevention measures have been implemented however reports of low effective impact ability upon epidemic among the IDUs is due to their limited availability and thus receive few drug users. On the other hand some assessed countries are yet to enact policies that specifically address HIV/AIDS issues affecting the IDUs. Some countries rarely address the issue before it becomes an epidemic and therefore the policy makers and programs tasked with the drug use and HIV are deemed unnecessary. Across the world over, HIV and AIDS response in Australia is recognised as a success. The national prevalence is lower compared to other high income countries. Through peer education and community based organisations the IDUs, gay communities, and sex workers in Australia on a national gesture prepared early and efficient on the embryonic crisis such as providing support, care and education on the importance of safe se x and drug injecting practises. Initially, the government and healthcare professionals established sturdy leadership program, across the affected communities and the epidemic at large. Australia continues to utilize and gain from the good leadership foundation and the level of the policy innovation. For instance, the implementation of

How does the living wage relate to the labour movement and how does Essay

How does the living wage relate to the labour movement and how does the labour movement relate to the living wage (employment relationship) - Essay Example In addition to that, globalization has also led to a few number of state renounce the laws that govern the employees. Due to the mere ignorance and the globalization factor, majority of the states have cut of the wages of their employees to go down more than they deserve. This occurs mostly in the sector where skills are not needed and they are not counted as increasing the economy (McConnell & Brue, 1999). Due to all the reasons mentioned above, numerous organizations that claim to fight off low pay, or living wage or fair pay have been introduced in the last twenty years. This has happened in majority of the countries both the developed countries and the developing. They have acted a key part in the society since they gather, educate and air the views of unsatisfied employees to the government who for a very long time have been going on with a low pay, way down more than the standard one. The activities that these labor organizations do have yielded positive results for instance, one of the results they have yielded is that wage tribunals have been happening more than they used to. In addition to that, the labor work force has also been awarded for the good work they portray of campaigning for or fellow human rights. Some of the benefits that the employees have gained for is for instance having a weekend, which has two days, if they work on holidays they get paid and majority of the organizations that employ them have focused on the 8 hours of working each day and compensation for any extra minute spent working (Victor et al., 1998). In a lay mans’ dictionary if we try to look at the definition of the term labour movement, it is the movement of workers for enhanced management by employers, for the most part through the creation of labour unions. So how does it (the labour movement) relate to the living wage and how does the living wage relate to the labour movement? Living wage and the labour movements go hand in

Enlightenment thinking Essay Example for Free

Enlightenment thinking Essay The Declaration of Independence is the basis of our government here in the United States. When the authors of this document were writing it they included many references to enlightenment theories. Of these many theories three within the document can be attributed to John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and Thomas Hobbes. John Locke was a believer in the three natural rights of man, life, liberty, and property. In the Declaration of Independence Lockes idea can be found throughout but one example is, It is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government laying its foundation of such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. This quote is exactly along the lines of Lockes thinking. He believed that a government is there to serve and protect, and if the government does not do its duty, then the people have a right to overthrow a government and start a new one. Rousseau believed that all men were free and ought to be, therefore any government must act according to the will of the people. The Declaration of Independence includes this too, A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. This quote reflects Rousseaus ideas exactly. That man is in chains by the government a must be free. Finally, Thomas Hobbes was a believer in the social contract stating that to gain rights people had to give up rights. One right which people were supposed to gain was protection by the government. This idea can be found within the Declaration of Independence, He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us. The Declaration of Independence contains many different enlightenment ideas. These ideas had a great impact on the founding of the United States and still do today.

Juvenile Death Penalty Essay -- capital punishment, death penalty

A 16 year old boy is at the peak of their adolescent life, learning and discovering about puberty, maturity, right and wrong and future life goals. On the other hand, a man of 25 has matured, lived long enough to have made both good and bad judgments and has already been in the process of achieving those life goals they once thought of as a teenager. In a given situation, is it ethical to hold these two age groups, with mentalities that are worlds apart, to the same standards and punishments in the justice system? Until Roper v. Simmons in 2005, the justice system did just that, treat the actions of 16 year old with the same consequences as if they had been committed by an adult. In Roper v. Simmons the United States Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional to sentence a juvenile under the age of 18 to the death penalty. Before, Roper v. Simmons, in Thompson v. Oklahoma it had been decided that only those under the age of 16 could not be considered for the death penalty. Were these decisions correct? If an adolescent can commit such a heinous crime as homicide should they not also be able then to handle the consequences? The other side of the argument against the juvenile death penalty states that juveniles do not have the same reasoning skills as an adult and therefore cannot be held to same criminal blameworthiness. Facts will show that the United States Supreme Court was correct in their decision to ban the death penalty for all those under the age of eighteen. Recent brain imaging scans have shown that an adolescent’s brain is not fully developed until late in adolescence causing them to be immature, have diminished decision making capacity and underdeveloped reasoning and thinking skills (Aronson, 2007); qualities which ... ...onduct. (2011). Ethics and Judicial Conduct. Guide to Judiciary Policy, 1-19. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2010, August 18). Brain Basics: Know Your Brain. Retrieved July 2011, from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/know_your_brain.htm North, M. (2002). Greek Medicine: The Hippocratic Oath. Retrieved July 2011, from National Institute of Health: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_oath.html Paus, T. (2005). Mapping Brain Maturation and Cognitive Development During Adolescence. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 60-68. Steinberg, L., & Scott, E. S. (2003). Less Guilty by Reason of Adolescence. American Psychologist, 1009-1018. Strater, S. D. (1994-1995). The Juvenile Death Penalty: In the Best Interests of the Child? Layola University Chicago Law Journal, 147-182.

Rhetorical analysis of “The Scarlet letter” Essay

Pearls have always held a great price to mankind, but no pearl has ever been earned at as high a cost to a person as Nathaniel Hawthorne’s powerful heroine Hester Prynne. Her daughter Pearl, born into a Puritan prison in more ways than one, is an enigmatic character serving entirely as a vehicle for symbolism. From her introduction as an infant on her mother’s scaffold of shame, Pearl is an empathetic and intelligent child. Throughout the story she absorbs the hidden emotions of her mother and magnifies them for all to see, and asks questions nothing but a child’s innocence permit her to ask, allowing Hawthorne to weave rich detail into The Scarlet Letter without making the story overly narrative. Pearl, at times, is a vehicle for Hawthorne to express the irrational qualities of Hester and Dimmesdale’s illicit bond, and at others a forceful reminder of her mother’s sin. Pearl Prynne is Hester’s most precious possession and her only reason to live, but also a priceless treasure purchased with her life. Pearl’s strange beauty and deeply enigmatic qualities make her an increadably powerful symbol. The product of Hester’s sin and agony, Pearl was a painfully constant reminder of her mother’s violation of the Seventh Commandment: ‘Thou shalt not commit adultery’. Hester herself felt that Pearl was given to her both as a blessing and also a punishment worse than death. She is tormented by her daughter’s childish teasing and endless questioning about the scarlet â€Å"A† and it’s relation to Minister Dimmesdale and his maladies. After Pearl has created a letter â€Å"A† on her own breast out of seaweed, she asks her mother: â€Å"But in good earnest, now, mother dear, what does this scarlet letter mean? — and why dost thou wear it on thy bosom? — and why does the minister keep his hand over his heart?† Pearl implies that she knows much more about the scarlet letter than she lets on. Throughout the conversation Pearl is impish and teasing, saying one thing and contradicting it soon after. She refuses to say just what she means, which makes it hard for Hester to give a straight reply. Hester is  shocked that her playful daughter has lead their conversation to the topic of the scarlet letter, and even more disturbed that she has assumed Hester’s letter and Dimmesdale’s habit of pressing his hand to his heart branch from the same issue. Pearl, in bringing this forbidden and painful subject about, unwittingly inflicts agony upon her mother. Hester cannot tell her daughter what has passed between the minister and herself and come clean. Pearl symbolizes a hidden part of her mother that has not, and will never be exposed and therefore washed free of sin. Pearl was always drawn to the â€Å"A†, and seemed to twist the symbolic knife in Hester’s bosom every time she thought she was free of her weighty burden of sin. Pearl’s questioning wrenched Hester’s heart when the child seemed to somehow know about the relationship between Hester and Dimmesdale. Hester Prynne herself realized that Pearl was unlike other children, and prayed that she was not sin incarnate. When Hester finally frees herself of her sin and removes the scarlet letter after years of it’s leaden weight on her chest, it was little Pearl who brought the reality of her eternal condemnation back to Hester with a stinging blow. She was â€Å"the scarlet letter endowed with life†. Pearl represented the part of Hester to be always dulled by the searing judgment of others in that she was Hester’s ceaseless reminder of the sin she had committed, but also symbolized everything about Hester that was free and alive. She brings Hesters inner feelings to life, magnifying them for the world to see. Pearl is the only happiness in Hester Prynne’s lonely life. Without a child to care for, teach, and love, Hester would have long ago given her soul and life over to evil. Yet she is also the contradictory pain that weighs down Hester’s shoulders. If Pearl had never have been born, she would not be condemed to her sinned concience. This wonderful child is symbolizing the strong connection bettween two rivaling forces; love and pain. Although Pearl is the product of an illicit bond bettween two people, she is also the only thing Hester has to live for. When town authorities, shocked at Pearl’s apparent belief that she was plucked from a rose bush and not created by God, recommended she be taken from Hester and placed in a school, Hester responds with the following: â€Å"God gave me this child!†¦ She is my happiness, she is my torture none the less! Pearl keeps me here in life!†¦Ye shall not take her! I will die first!† Pearl, though Hester understands that she was God-given as a constant reminder or her sin, is her only love and a friend that does not judge her by things past. Later, Hester comments that she would have â€Å"signed my name in the Black Man’s book too, and that with mine own blood!† if they had taken Pearl from her. Her daughter is her only earthly salvation, as well as her only friend. Pearl is a blessing upon Hester in that her light-heartedness and seeming innocence allow her mother to forget about her troubles. To see Pearl playing on the beach and creating a fascinating world of her own is to allow Hester to momentarily throw off the shackles imposed on her by Puritan society and be truly happy. The Scarlet Letter is overflowing with masterfully crafted symbolism and representation, but Pearl Prynne is the purest and deepest symbol in the story. She was born not only out of utter sin, but out of the deepest and most absolute love imaginable. She serves as a messenger of God’s salvation through pain, and as a symbol of all that is blissful and content in Hester Prynne’s life. In the end, it is Pearl who kisses Arthur Dimmesdale as he lies dying on the scaffold, having admitted his sin. She breaks a spell that had lain over the dyad in adultery and herself – the product of their sin -, completing her service as a symbol of pain and hardship, but more importantly a symbol of love, salvation, and the deep bond between two lovers condemned by the strict decorum of the Puritan days.

Home School vs. Public School Essay

I prefer home schooling over public schooling; which one do you prefer? There are both pros and cons for both Home Schooling and Public Schooling. I am going to explain this all to you in my essay. I personally was home schooled for a few years during middle and high school. All of elementary school and part of middle school I went to a regular school. My reasoning for choosing to be home schooled is I have Agoraphobia which is an anxiety disorder caused by situations where people perceive the environment as being difficult to escape or get help. As soon as I would walk into a class room I would have a panic attack. One thing I liked about public school was being able to play volleyball. I loved playing it for the little bit of time that I was in middle school. Even though I wasn’t really all that great, So I didn’t play very much. That is one con of being home schooled. You cannot play sports affiliated with any school. A pro for public schooling is you have a group environment to learn in with others to help you. On the other hand with home schooling you are on your own. In home schooling you have less choices of curriculum as you would if you were going to public school. You also have more diversity in public school. When going to public school you have a higher student to teacher ratio, now with home schooling there is a small teacher to student ratio. In home schooling you are free to choose your schedule, as in public school your schedule is strict and chosen for you. Public school chooses the curriculum for you. Unlike in home schooling you can choose your own. There are now roughly millions of children being home schooled. Being home schooled teaches students to be independent in their learning choices. Sometimes home schooling can be more expensive than going to public school. Teachers are not always qualified to teach all subjects, and colleges sometimes have stricter admission policies concerning home schooled students. It is also harder to provide social interaction when being home schooled. Like I had stated before I prefer home schooling but everyone has their own opinions. This is the reason why I have enrolled myself into the University of Phoenix online. So that I can have the flexibility of my classes, this way I can work around my everyday life and not miss out when it comes to spending time with my boys. I hope that the information in my essay was helpful to you.

The Inuit People of the Arctic essays

The Inuit People of the Arctic essays The Inuit are one of the many self-designations of the Eskimo people. They are considered to be of Asian decent, which is noticeable from their small hands and feet. Another distinguishing feature is the appreciable percentage of the B blood type, which seems to be totally absent from the American Indian, whom they are usually mistaken to be descendants of (Mastny 25). These Inuit are scattered in small communities across Northern Alaska, northern Canada, Greenland, and the Chukotka region of Eastern Siberia. The Inuit in these regions total around 150,000 that makes up barely 4 percent of the Arctics total population of 3.8 million (Mastny 25). The origins of the Inuit living in this region is very unclear, it is believed that they have been there for more than 4,000 years surviving the cold harsh winters and cool to cold summers. Temperatures in the regions range from 31 degrees F in the winter to 50 degrees F in the summer months (Mastny 24). With this temperature range and the smaller amount of sunlight the Inuit have not been able to become true agriculturalists. Lichen, mosses, small shrubs, and a variety of small flowering plants are the only types of vegetation this climate can support. So, for the Inuit their lives have depended on the animals that inhabit the region. Caribou, seal, walrus, fish and whale meat were their major sources of food. The Inuit population just as in many other societies drastically decreased due to the arrival of the Europeans in the 19th century by introducing new diseases. These colonialists also dismissed local land claims, relocated or integrated groups, and even removed their traditional ways. Now that they have been in contact with other societies their lives have changed greatly. Snowmobiles have replaced the traditional dogsled for land transport and rifles have replaced the harpoon during the hunt. Outboard motors, Store-bought clothing, and other numerous m...

Tips for Maintaining Your Hybrid Vehicle

Tips for Maintaining Your Hybrid Vehicle Hybrids differ little from regular vehicles when it comes to routine maintenance items. Other than the systems that control the onboard storage batteries and the additional electric drive motor, routine maintenance for hybrids follows pretty much lock step with your fathers Oldsmobile. Follow our routine vehicle maintenance schedule to make sure you have all of the basics covered. Full Hybrid Vehicles If operated as designed, full hybrid vehicles have the ability to shut off their internal combustion engines and operate on the electric motor only under certain conditions. (e.g. low-speed maneuvering and light cruising). Needless to say, the engine doesn’t work as hard resulting in reduced wear and tear. Hybrids also often employ regenerative braking systems that both charge the batteries and reduce wear on brake components. Because of the way that the internal combustion engine, the electric drive motor, and the transmission are mated together to work more or less as an entity, a malfunction in one component can affect the way the others function. Serious troubleshooting, diagnosis, and repair of this system is best left to professionals. You can check the transmission fluid, change out spark plugs and fuel and air filters, but delving much deeper does require specialized training. Sophisticated Electronics The complex electronic modules that control the electric drive motor for both propulsion and regenerative braking can generate enormous amounts of heat, so those often have their own dedicated cooling systems. The battery control modules regulate both charge and discharge rates as well as the state of charge of the entire bank. To operate consistently under all conditions, these systems will often employ both heating and cooling systems. When performing the regular maintenance on the engine cooling system, remember to check the individual hoses, pipes, and clamps as well as any additional filters that may be used on the motor and battery cooling/heating system. Be Safe and Beware the Orange Hybrids generally are equipped with dual voltage systems. Though most of the electrical system is safe standard 12-volt, the drive motor and related components operate well in excess of 100 volts. The safety threshold is low and narrow, an electrical shock with as little as 50 volts can prove fatal. To warn technicians and operators of these high voltage circuits, the cables are wrapped in a bright orange casing. To safely maintain and repair these components, the system must be de-powered, a task that is absolutely best left to trained technicians.

LAB IP 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

LAB IP 2 - Essay Example This includes ‘the peripatric’, ‘the parapatric’, ‘sympatric’, and ‘the allopatric’ speciation (Geographic, 2012). The allopatric speciation is said to occur when a particular species is separated into two groups. Isolation is a factor that emanates after separation. A separation occurs when a physical barrier creates a situation whereby the two isolated species cannot breed with each other. After the separation, the two species develop different features that are dictated by the new environment that constitutes their habitats. An example of this speciation is the Arizona Grand Canyon (Geographic, 2012). It is depicted that when this canyon formed, small mammals such as the squirrel could not interbreed. This was as a result of the newly created geographical barrier. It is noted that two different species of squirrels dominant the two parts of the Grand Canyon. However, birds were still able to fly over the barrier and thus were not affected by it. This meant that they were not divided into two different species. The same would happen if there were a barrier that would separate a species into two groups. They would develop new traits that march their new habitats. This will be possible if they are unable to bypass the barrier to interbreed with each

Paper one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper one - Essay Example For me personally I think that the creation story is not really based in fact because there is no proof for any of it. The myth sounds really good and it does provide some kind of explanation for how the world began, but there are so many unanswered questions about it. For example, it has been scientifically proven that the world is billions of years old yet according to the Bible it has only been a few thousand. Something doesnt add up because the difference between these two points of view is rather extreme. I could somewhat believe the Biblical account if it was more in line with what science has proven is real. Another thing that I fail to understand is that global warming is something that is completely dismissed by most Christians. There is no argument for this because evidence shows that the earth is experiencing extreme weather, and this will affect our lives in the future also. It is almost like Christians dont care about the world because they believe that they will go to heaven one day anyway. I can understand that but what they dont realize is that by ignoring the claims of global warming they are making the environment worse for their children and grandchildren. I appreciate the right to free speech, so I am not against Christians for what they believe about the world. I might be attracted more to the religion if it could be modernized and take more of a scientific view of the world. We now live in the 21st century and some things are now fact rather than fiction because they can be proven to be real. Finally, I would say that the Christian world view is becoming less and less popular simply because it has failed to take into account significant changes in our modern society. Nothing lasts forever, but that does not mean that everything about what Christians believe should be thrown away. There are some good things that they believe, yet there are also some things that hold them back. One such example is the